Green Silver Nanoparticles From 10 Plants Essay - 918 Words

Biofabrication of green silver nanoparticles from 10 plants; an efficient approach to inhibit multi-drug resistant microbes and their biofilms. Shariq Qayyuma and Asad U Khana a Medical microbiology and molecular biology, Laboratory Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India Author for correspondence: Email: asadukhan72@gmail.com Phone No.:+91- 9837021912 Abstract: Silver nanoparticles were biosynthesized via a green route using 10 different plants extracts and formed AgNPs were tested against drug resistant microbes and their biofilms. These nanoparticles were characterized using UV- vis spectroscopy and TEM which confirmed their synthesis, shape and size. FTIR clearly demonstrated the presence of the bio-groups on the surface of AgNPs. XRD confirmed the crystalline structure of AgNPs. TEM images were further analyzed using Image J software which showed that majority of particles were under 100 nm and majorly distributed over 1 to 60 nm size range. Their antimicrobial efficacy was checked against bacteria harboring antibiotic resistance genes like CTX-M-3, CTX-M-15, OXA-1, arm A, SHV-1 and NDM-1 in gram negative bacteria and fluconazole, amphotericin B and itraconazole resistant genes in fungus. Gram positive bacteria and fungi Candida albicans were inhibited at higher MICs values in comparison to Gran negative bacterial strains. The result in dicated that these particles were antibacterial in nature withoutShow MoreRelatedEssay On Silver Nanotechnology864 Words   |  4 PagesSilver is known to be very efficient material since ancient times for its microbicidal properties to treat diseases, such as, ulcer, chronic wounds, sepsis, acute epididymitis, tonsillitis, and infections and to prevent the eye diseases in infants.1,2 But with the passage of time use of Ag is reduced due to development of new antibiotics.3 However, an introduction of nanotechnology, nanoparticles during the last decade have proved that this element can be used in almost every field of applicationRead MoreEmergence Of Multiple Drug Resistant Pathogens Essay2129 Words   |  9 Pagesstrains and is detrimental for the environment also.Green synthesis of nanoparticles coupled with third generation antibiotics can act as an ideal agent for the control of drug resistant pathogens. Present study exploits the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using lem on grass (Cymbopogon citratus) extract. Lemon grass extract was used to reduce silver nitrate in to nanoparticles with in 18h. SEM and FTIR Characterized nanoparticles were further applied for the control of MDR strain of E. coli growthRead MoreDegradation Of A Wide Range Of Model Pollutants3049 Words   |  13 Pagesimproving photocatalytic efficiency. Therefore, this work is based on the use of nanomaterials such as titania and silver-zinc oxide photocatalysts to degrade amoxicillin trihydrate (a model antibiotic pollutant) in suspension under UV-C irradiation and compares the efficiencies of the photocatalysts in degrading model pollutant used in the study. The Silver decorated Zinc oxide Nanoparticles were prepared in-house by hydrothermal synthesis that yielded nanospheres. The nanomaterial was characterizedRead MoreScience Investigatory Project3840 Words   |  16 Pagesdried, they will be asking to use a comb. The amount of hair fall from the ten respondents who will use the experimental product will count. The sums of their hair fall before and after they use the experimental product will compared to know if the experimental product is effective in preventing hair fall. 3 Bibliography Abdullah, R. (2010). Alopecia: botanical approaches in review. J Drugs Dermatol. Retrieve August 9, 2012, from http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/alopecia-000004.htm#ixzz28L6gJP88Read MoreNatural Dyes11205 Words   |  45 PagesNatural dyes are dyes or colorants derived from plants, invertebrates,a or minerals. The majority of natural dyes are vegetable dyes from plant sources – roots, berries, bark, leaves, and wood — and other organic sources such as fungi and lichens. Archaeologists have found evidence of textile dyeing dating back to the Neolithic period. In China, dyeing with plants, barks and insects has been traced back more than 5,000 years.[1] The essential process of dyeing changed little over time. 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HIV/STD Health Promotion Strategies Essay - 947 Words

The World Health Organization defines Health promotion as â€Å" the process of enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants, and thereby improve their health participants.† Contemporary health professionals such as nurse practitioners, nurses, and doctors inform and demonstrate ways on caring for the self. The contemporary view of health promotion is an individual driven prevention assisted by health care professionals. This new style of health promotion lets patients get involved with their health by adapting a lifestyle that changes the way they approach health prevention. In the historical view of head psychological problems were not counted as major factor contributing to patients illness, but contemporary†¦show more content†¦Health professionals argue that such preventive strategies need to be understood and well- learned so that the social public health will take health promotion seriously. Likewise, unlike the historic view of health promotion, nurses should be fully involved in health promotion. Nurses should take initiative and educate themselves on various diseases so that they can educate patients on their condition. The historic view of health promotion only encouraged doctors to educate patients and nurses played the role of attending patients. The current trend encourages nurses to be well-versed in disease prevention strategies, so that they can educate patients to be responsible for the prevention of their diseases. In accordance, The three government licenced articles on HIV/STDs stress the importance of education on both health professionals and patients. The article â€Å" Sustaining Safe Practice† states that prevention of HIV/STDs depend upon the following â€Å" partnership between government, non-government organization and affected communities, reflexive relationships between researchers, educators and communities. ( cdc Sustaining safe practi ce) Sustaining Safe Practice advocates the importance of community influence on patients education on their conditions. The article also stresses the importance of AIDS health promotion.The article definesShow MoreRelatedStd Essay931 Words   |  4 PagesHistorically Black Colleges and Universities due to less consideration given to the risk associated with having intercourse. This is mainly caused by a lack of awareness in regard to STDs and their transmission, with the most prevalent cases involving HIV and AIDS. The problem lies within societal and cultural risks. Students at HBCUs tend to have unprotected sex and often times not tell their partners if they are carrying a disease because they are either afraid to confront the reality of the situationRead MoreEssay On STD1500 Words   |  6 Pagesillustrate and explain the positive uses of the physical examinations to decrease the mortality and morbidity rates from late stage STD diagnosis by utilizing appropriate therapies. ST Ds cause complications that can advance to â€Å"emotional suffering, including infertility, ectopic pregnancy, cancer, and death† (Ignatavicius, 2016). In 2017, CDC stated that the number of HIV diagnoses were 39,513 cases followed by a mortality rate of 6,721 cases (CDC, 2017). If screenings were thoroughly explained andRead MoreThe Rate Of Sexually Transmitted Diseases ( Stds )1470 Words   |  6 Pagessexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in Roger Park is relatively higher than other regions of Chicago. 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This age group is vulnerable to acquiring a higher evidence of infection due to them having multiple sex partners, improper use of condoms on a consistent basis, as well as having an increased biologic susceptibility to infection, and facing multiple obstacles to accessing health care (Forh an, Gottlieb, Sternberg, et.al, 2009). Despite the high rates of infectionsRead MorePrevention Of Sexually Transmitted Diseases And Sex Education Among The Teenagers2160 Words   |  9 PagesPrevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Sex Education among the Teenagers Health Promotion Health is a significant characteristic of human right that individuals require to handle with caution. Exactly how healthy individuals are trained and know the effect of behaviors, which can jeopardies, the health of an individual, create less pressure and easy work for their caregiver to deal with and aids in the health promotion. 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An Analysis of the War Powers Act of 1973 Free Essays

One of the hallmarks of a presidential and democratic society is the division of powers among the three main branches of government. This is called the principle of the separation of powers or the principle of checks and balances. This principle seeks to prevent the over concentration of authority in one person or group of persons that might lead to an error or abuse to the prejudice of the whole state. We will write a custom essay sample on An Analysis of the War Powers Act of 1973 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Austin Ranney (1995) once said that any concentration of powers in a single branch is tyrannical and only true separation of powers will protect the liberties of the people against the aggressions of government. (Austin Ranney, p. 240) The principle of separation of powers has always been criticized as impeding the enactment of bills and promoting efficiency in the running of the affairs of the government. It is because of this reason why some democratic countries have amended their constitutions and shifted to the parliamentary system. War Powers Act of 1973 A concrete example of the Principle of Separation of Power is the war powers which the US Constitution has entrusted to the Executive and the Legislative Branch. Under the United States Constitution, it may appear that the delineation of war power between the Legislative and Executive Branch is clear. The purpose is to make sure that no one branch of government will have the absolute prerogative in making all decisions in matters pertaining to war. Article 1 Section 8 of the United States Constitution clearly expresses that the Congress shall have the following powers: a) To declare War, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water; b) To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years; c) to provide and maintain a navy; d) to make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval Forces; e) to provide for the calling of the militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions; f) to provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress. On the other hand, under Article II Sec. 2 of the United States Constitution the President shall have the following powers: a) The President shall be Commander in Chief of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several States; b) The president shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two thirds of the senators present concur. Based on these two provisions in the United States Constitution, the war powers appear to be clearly divided between the two main branches of government. Under these provisions, the President has the power to lead the armed forces in times of war and to make swift decisions on the field of battle. (â€Å"War and Treat Powers†) On the other hand, the Congress has the power to declare war and to appropriate huge amounts of dollars in support of the war effort. The clear division of powers between the two main branches, however, appear to be more apparent than real. In between these two powers lie a vacuum which the framers of the constitution failed to consider. For any other decisions that the US Constitution failed to anticipate, it appears that the President has complete freedom and absolute discretion to act. This is something which is abhorred by our constitution. Consider the Korean War in which the United States army was intensely involved. The Korean War began as a civil war which was fought from 1950–1953 on the Korean Peninsula. It began when North Korean attacked South Korea on June 25, 1950. (â€Å"Korean War†) Eventually China and the United States became involved in this conflict. Although it was called the Korean War, the United States preferred to call it the police action rather than a war in order to avoid the necessity of formal declaration of war by the Congress of the United States. The same thing happened during the Vietnam War or the Vietnam Conflict. This war lasted for 16 which began from 1959 to 1975. (â€Å"Vietnam War†) This involved the United States, its allies and the South Vietnam against Soviet Union, its allies and the People’s Republic of China and the North Vietnam. In this war, the U. S. deployed large numbers of troops to South Vietnam between 1954 and 1973. Some U. S. allies like the Philippines, Australa and New Zealand also sent their troops to aid the United States and South Vietnam. Similar to the Korean War, the United States was also intensely involved in this war without a formal declaration of war by Congress. These two major events in our history have triggered the enactment of the War Powers Act of 1973. It is worth stressing that based on our history Congress has formally declared war in only five conflicts – the War of 1812, the Mexican War, the Spanish-American War, World War I, and World War II – while U. S. presidents have committed armed forces to more than one hundred combat operations around the world. (Charles F. Williams, 2003) The purpose of this law is to provide for a limitation on the powers of the President to deploy United States troops into combat areas without the approval of the legislative branch. Congress aims to prevent the possibility that another Korean and Vietnam Wars may be repeated where the United States deployed its soldiers for battle without the formal declaration of war coming from the Congress. Section 2(a) of the said law is clear on this matter, it states that: â€Å"It is the purpose of this joint resolution to fulfill the intent of the framers of the Constitution of the United States and insure that the collective judgment of both the Congress and the President will apply to the introduction of United States Armed Forces into hostilities, or into situations where imminent involvement in hostilities is clearly indicate by the circumstances, and to the continued use of such forces in hostilities or in such situations. Under the said law, the president is required to consult Congress in every possible instance before introducing United States Armed Forces into hostilities or into situation where imminent involvement in hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances, and after every such introduction shall consult regularly with the Congress until United States Armed Forces are no longer engaged in hostilities or have been removed from such situations. The War Powers Act of 1973 also requires the President to submit within 48 hours to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and to the President pro tempore of the Senate a report, in writing, setting forth the circumstances necessitating the introduction of United States Armed Forces, the constitutional and legislative authority under which such introduction took place and the estimated scope and duration of the hostilities or involvement in case United States Armed forces are actually introduced for combat. The said law also requires the President to terminate within sixty calendar days after a report is submitted any use of United States Armed Forces unless the Congress has declared war or has enacted a specific authorization for such use of United States Armed Forces or has extended by law such sixty-day period or is physically unable to meet as a result of an armed attack upon the United States. The sixty-day period shall be extended for not more than an additional thirty days if the President determines and certifies to the Congress in writing that unavoidable military necessity respecting the safety of United States Armed Forces requires the continued use of such armed forces in the course of bringing about a prompt removal of such forces. The Congress by concurrent resolution is authorized at all times to order the withdrawal of US troops. Arguments against War Powers Act of 1973 One of the arguments raised against the enactment of the War Powers Act of 1973 is that it is an act of encroachment on the part of the Legislature of a territory which the US Constitution has delegated to the Executive Branch. It must be stressed that the President took his oath before he assumed his office that he will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and he will to the best of his ability preserve and protect and defend the Constitution of the United States. The present statute significantly limits the powers of the president to act in times of war which have a serious effect on the performance of his obligation. Arguments In Favor of War Powers Act of 1973 On the other hand, some are in favor of the War Powers Act of 1973. They argue that the consultation and reporting requirements and the power of Congress to terminate the deployment of armed forces do not operate to limit the powers of the president. It merely serves to ensure that the constitutional mandate is observed. As envisioned by the United States Constitution, there shall always be two keys to start the engine of war running – the key given to the Congress and the key given to the President. Thus, the War Powers Act of 1973 does make Congress superior to the President, rather, it only highlights the supremacy of the United States Constitution. Conclusion I believe that the War Powers Act of 1973 is constitutional. Our history has shown that we cannot entrust to a single man the power to deploy United States troops to combat. In the past decade, all the past presidents, including our present president, has deployed hundreds of thousands of US soldiers to battle. This not only led to the death of countless soldiers but it has depleted our resources. The United States Constitution is still the highest law of the land and it is clearly manifested in the enactment of the War Powers Act of 1973. 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Environmental Factors of Commonwealth Bank of Australia

Question: Describe about the Environmental Factors of Commonwealth Bank of Australia. Answer: 1.1: Analysis of a factor from the general environment of the case study organization (Economic factor): The case study organization select for this analysis is the Commonwealth bank of Australia (CBA), one of the top most multinational banks of Australia. It operates its business across Asia, New Zealand, USA, United Kingdom and Fiji. The most effective general environment factor affecting the business of the company is the economic factor. As an example in static and shrinking economy more products are sold and bought. Presently the commodity boom has come to an end. As a result of it Australian economy had slowed down. According to different observations it is seen that Australia has lowest amount of debt compared to OECD countries (Wilson and Pender 2016). As the economies of developing countries like India, Japan etc are getting stronger day by day the economy of developed countries like USA, UK and Australia are getting slowed down. Since the economy of the country influences business decisions, therefore it also affects the banking sector too. The same happens with the commonweal th bank of Australia. Impact of the economic factor over the business of the industry: The lending and deposit markets are very competitive in Australia. Therefore, due to absence of appropriate strategy for this the commonwealth bank of Australia has lost considerable market share. The specific sectors in which it lost its significant business are home loans, credit card business and retail deposit. The growth rate dropped from the previous year and statutory net profit after tax is only 2% up than the previous year (Wilson and Pender 2016). The total revenue was $9227 million. Amount of cash return on equity was 16.5%. As result of slowdown the operating cost increased by 4% and costs up to $10,429 million. Even though the bank has a slowdown in its performance but it continued to be number one in providing customer services and customer satisfaction. Wealth management business of CBA regained the top spot for advisor satisfaction (Commbank.com.au 2016). The customer deposit rate increased by 8% compared to last year. Way of dealing with the economic factor: In order to deal with the low economic growth of the country, the bank should increase the product range. The increased product range will help the company to attract more customers and achieve more profits from the business. As the customer deposit rates have been increased to a higher level in the recent times, the bank should also increase the interest rate of the loans for gaining more profit from the business. One of the best possible way of expanding the business is to open in new areas of the country. The people of the remote areas of the company are not able to have the facilities of the bank due to the long distance of the bank branches. Therefore, the new branches may help the bank to have the customers of the remote areas and more profits from the business. 2. Description of One factor from Organizations Specific Environment (Customer Factors) There are several factors in specific environment such as customers, competitors, suppliers and pressure group. However, the selected component of the specific environment of CBA is customer component. Mainly, there are two ways in which the customer needs can be monitored. One is reactive way and another is proactive way. Reactive customer monitoring can be done by CBA, by identifying and addressing the consumer trends and issues after they arise. Monitoring is done by listening to the specific segment of customer concerns in a specific market (Wilson and Pender 2016). Analysis of the Impact of Customers Commonwealth Bank of Australia in 2016 The components of specific environment directly impacts on the different business process of an organization. In case of commonwealth bank of Australia, customer deposits money or purchases services from the banks (Commbank.com.au, 2016). Therefore it is important for the bank to monitor the changing needs of the clients or customers as they are critical for the success of business. Customer needs and requirements influence the product or services provided by business organization. Like for the Australian market Commonwealth bank should be concerned about the amount of customer deposit in a period of time. Commonwealth bank responds to the consumer complaints which indicate that, the bank is closely attending to its customer concerns. Business organizations that respond rapidly to customers complaint are viewed much more positively than the organizations that are slow to respond. This process encourages the customers to purchase service or product again from the Commonwealth bank (Commbank.com.au, 2016). Explanation of the way of Dealing with the Customer Factors by Commonwealth Bank In order to satisfy the customers with its services and complaint resolving process, officials of Commonwealth bank should write follow up letters, or thank you letters to its customers with specific responses or with an apology. Apart from that, management of commonwealth bank have to introduce digital touch for their customer service. For example, the bank can introduce peer to peer communication service as applied by the American bank. Moreover, Commonwealth Bank has to engage real time service for their customers. It will help them in satisfying their customer in these days fast mobile world. In addition, Commonwealth Bank can introduce nontraditional banking services such as Google, Apple, Amazon are providing digital customer services. The letter can also contain the process of handling and resolving the problem. Moreover, it is suggested that if a series problem happened with a customer of the bank then it should send a small gift with the apology letter to make the customer feel special. Like for a customer of Commonwealth bank who is using its net banking facility and facing problems while logging in his/her account, then bank should instantly send an apology mail to the specific customer stating the reason behind the problem. Most importantly, Commonwealth bank should think about identifying the customer issues before the complaint about them to its leaders or management. In order to do this bank can conduct a survey between its customers about what improvements in the services they expect from the Commonwealth bank. References Commbank.com.au. 2016.Customer commitment - Commonwealth Bank. [online] Available at: https://www.commbank.com.au/about-us/who-we-are/customer-commitment.html?ei=gsa_generic_customers [Accessed 21 Aug. 2016]. Wilson, J. and Pender, K., 2016. Keep the faith?: The good, the bad and the uncertain in Australian employment contracts.Ethos: Official Publication of the Law Society of the Australian Capital Territory, (240), p.24.